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Gut bacteria ‘talk’ to horse’s cells to improve their athletic performance

April 11, 2021 by Editor

A horse’s gut microbiome communicates with its host by sending chemical signals to its cells, which has the effect of helping the horse to extend its energy output, finds a new study published in Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. This exciting discovery paves the way for dietary supplements that could enhance equine athletic performance.

“We are one of the first to demonstrate that certain types of equine gut bacteria produce chemical signals that communicate with the mitochondria in the horse’s cells that regulate and generate energy,” says Eric Barrey, author of this study and the Integrative Biology and Equine Genetics team leader at the National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, France.

“We believe that metabolites – small molecules created by breaking down bigger molecules for food or growth – produced by these bacteria have the effect of delaying low blood sugar and inflammation in the cells, which in turn extends the horse’s athletic performance.” [Read more…] about Gut bacteria ‘talk’ to horse’s cells to improve their athletic performance

Filed Under: Biology, News Tagged With: athletic, bacteria, cells, chemical, endurance, energy, equine, food, france, genes, gut, horse, horse's, linked, microbiome, mitochondria, molecules, performance, race, samples, signals, study

US Department of Energy to invest $25 million in polymer upcyling, plastic waste reuse research

April 11, 2021 by Editor

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has announced plans to invest $25 million in fundamental science to lay the groundwork for technology that finds reuses for plastic waste, makes strides toward addressing the global plastic waste crisis, and reduces the climate impacts of plastic production.

DOE’s research investment will focus on polymer upcycling, the process of efficiently deconstructing and rebuilding polymers, which are the essential building blocks of plastics. Polymer upcycling has the potential to turn waste plastic into chemicals, fuels, and other products of value and greatly reduce the high energy costs associated with plastic production.

“Polymer upcycling holds the promise of boosting reuse of plastic waste and lowering the energy costs of plastic production,” said Dr. Steve Binkley, Acting Director of DOE’s Office of Science. “This research will provide insights into chemical and materials phenomena that will be critical to accelerating developments in this emerging area.” [Read more…] about US Department of Energy to invest $25 million in polymer upcyling, plastic waste reuse research

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Filed Under: Environment, News Tagged With: energy, funding, plastic, plastics, polymer, production, reuse, science, upcycling, waste

Faraday Institution commits a further £22.6 million to battery research to deliver commercial impact

April 7, 2021 by Editor

The Faraday Institution has announced a £22.6m commitment to build on its momentum in four key research challenges: extending battery life, battery modelling, recycling and reuse and solid-state batteries.

In doing so, and by strengthening the organisation’s commercialisation team and strategy, it is further focusing on those areas of battery research that offer the most potential to deliver commercial impact for the UK.

Recognising its importance in the Faraday Institution’s research agenda, a focused research project on battery safety has been assembled, integrating research previously carried out in several different projects. [Read more…] about Faraday Institution commits a further £22.6 million to battery research to deliver commercial impact

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Filed Under: Engineering, News Tagged With: battery, commercialisation, energy, faraday, institution, led, researchers, safety, storage, systems, team, ucl, uk, universities

New material enables the usage of ‘calcium’ for batteries

April 6, 2021 by Editor

Scientists from Tohoku University have developed a new fluorine-free calcium (Ca) electrolyte based on a hydrogen (monocarborane) cluster that could potentially realize rechargeable Ca batteries.

The researchers say the new material, achieved by designing the coordination structure of Ca cation with a weakly coordinating anion and mixed solvents, shows markedly improved electrochemical performances such as high conductivity and high electrochemical stabilities.

Current lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have some drawbacks. They are approaching their demand limits of theoretical energy density and cost, and lithium is not naturally plentiful. [Read more…] about New material enables the usage of ‘calcium’ for batteries

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Filed Under: Engineering, News Tagged With: batteries, battery, calcium, cluster, density, electrochemical, electrode, electrolyte, electrolytes, energy, high, hydrogen, institute, kisu, li, material, materials, metal, performances, possess, potential, stabilities, stability, suitable, team, tohoku

How cells transport molecules with ‘magic carpets’

April 1, 2021 by Editor

A drop of food coloring slowly spreading in a glass of water is driven by a process known as diffusion. While the mathematics of diffusion have been known for many years, how this process works in living organisms is not as well understood.

Now, a study published in Nature Communications provides new insights on the process of diffusion in complex systems.

The result of a collaboration between physicists at Penn, the University of Chile, and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, this new theoretical framework has broad implications for active surfaces, such as ones found in biofilms, active coatings, and even mechanisms for pathogen clearance. [Read more…] about How cells transport molecules with ‘magic carpets’

Filed Under: News, Physics Tagged With: active, biofilms, carpets, diffusion, energy, fick's, laws, mathijssen, molecules, researchers, systems, transport

New research shows photovoltaics ‘can make the world fossil-free faster than expected’

April 1, 2021 by Editor

A team of researchers led by Aarhus University and including experts from universities and knowledge institutions in the US, Europe, Japan and Australia has published an article in the prestigious scientific journal Joule confirming that the role of solar photovoltaic installations in future green energy systems ought to be significantly upgraded.

Solar photovoltaic technology has undergone dramatic development over the past 14 years causing the technology to be cheaper already today than has otherwise been assumed in the models that the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) uses for its 2050 scenarios.

“And there is good reason to believe that this development will continue. Intensive research is being conducted into photovoltaic technology, its integration into energy systems, as well as its synergy with other industries. Furthermore, innovative technologies are on the way that could further boost this development,” says Assistant Professor Marta Victoria from the Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering at Aarhus University, who is the leading author of the article. [Read more…] about New research shows photovoltaics ‘can make the world fossil-free faster than expected’

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Filed Under: News, Research Tagged With: development, energy, future, ipcc, marta, models, photovoltaic, solar, systems, technology, victoria

Researchers harvest energy from radio waves to power wearable devices

March 27, 2021 by Zakia

From microwave ovens to Wi-Fi connections, the radio waves that permeate the environment are not just signals of energy consumed but are also sources of energy themselves.

An international team of researchers, led by Huanyu “Larry” Cheng, Dorothy Quiggle Career Development Professor in the Penn State Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, has developed a way to harvest energy from radio waves to power wearable devices.

The researchers recently published their method inMaterials Today Physics.  [Read more…] about Researchers harvest energy from radio waves to power wearable devices

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Filed Under: News, Technology Tagged With: cheng, devices, energy, harvest, news, power, radio, researchers, sources, system, technology, waves

Big breakthrough for ‘massless’ energy storage

March 24, 2021 by Zakia

Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology have produced a structural battery that performs ten times better than all previous versions. It contains carbon fibre that serves simultaneously as an electrode, conductor, and load-bearing material. Their latest research breakthrough paves the way for essentially “massless” energy storage in vehicles and other technology.

The batteries in today’s electric cars constitute a large part of the vehicles’ weight, without fulfilling any load-bearing function. A structural battery, on the other hand, is one that works as both a power source and as part of the structure – for example, in a car body. This is termed “massless” energy storage, because in essence the battery’s weight vanishes when it becomes part of the load-bearing structure. Calculations show that this type of multifunctional battery could greatly reduce the weight of an electric vehicle.

The development of structural batteries at Chalmers University of Technology has proceeded through many years of research, including previous discoveries involving certain types of carbon fibre. In addition to being stiff and strong, they also have a good ability to store electrical energy chemically. This work was named by Physics World as one of 2018’s ten biggest scientific breakthroughs. [Read more…] about Big breakthrough for ‘massless’ energy storage

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Filed Under: Industry, Technology, Uncategorized Tagged With: battery, carbon, chalmers, density, electric, electrical, electrode, energy, load-bearing, previous, storage, structural, technology, weight

The value of cooperation for sustainable development in transboundary river basins

March 23, 2021 by Editor

Can cooperation across sectors and countries help to achieve sustainable development? How do stakeholders in the Indus and Zambezi basins envision the future and how can they make that future a reality?

Researchers at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) looked into these questions as part of a large-scale initiative with international partners.

In November 2016, IIASA partnered with the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) to establish the Integrated Solutions for Water, Energy, and Land (ISWEL) project. [Read more…] about The value of cooperation for sustainable development in transboundary river basins

Filed Under: Environment, Features Tagged With: basin, basins, countries, development, energy, indus, investments, iswel, project, resources, sustainable, transboundary, water, zambezi

Better batteries start with basics – and a big computer

March 22, 2021 by Zakia

To understand the fundamental properties of an industrial solvent, chemists with the University of Cincinnati turned to a supercomputer.

UC chemistry professor and department head Thomas Beck and UC graduate student Andrew Eisenhart ran quantum simulations to understand glycerol carbonate, a compound used in biodiesel and as a common solvent.

They found that the simulation provided detail about hydrogen bonding in determining the structural and dynamic properties of the liquid that was missing from classical models. The study was published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry B. [Read more…] about Better batteries start with basics – and a big computer

Filed Under: Industry, News Tagged With: batteries, beck, better, chemists, energy, fundamental, larger, liquid, potassium, quantum, solvent, storage, structure, study, things, water

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